Macam dan Penyebab Mutasi

<br /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B","sans-serif"; font-size: 28.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://i1001.photobucket.com/albums/af133/Impykun/mutation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://i1001.photobucket.com/albums/af133/Impykun/mutation.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://i1001.photobucket.com/albums/af133/Impykun/mutation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><b> </b>Istilah mutasi pertama kali digunakan oleh Hugo De Vries untuk mengemukakakn adanya perubahan fenotip yang mendadak terutama pada bunga Oenothera lamarkiana bersifat menurun. Ternyata perubahan tersebut terjadi adanya penyimpangan kromosomnya. Mutasi merupakan proses atau peristiwa yang bersifat acak/random karena peristiwanya:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Jarang terjadi pada peristiwa biasa dari replikasi DNA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Tidak ada cara mengetahui gen mana yang akan mengalami mutasi,suatu sel dalam suatu generasi.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Sangat penting untuk evolusi ,Agar mampu beradaptasi.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Macam-macam mutasi</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Berdasarkan type sel / macam sel yg mengalami mutasi</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 88.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi somatis yaitu mutasi yang terjadi pada sel-sel tubuh atau sel soma. Mutasi Somatis kurang mempunyai arti genetis</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 88.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutadi Germinal /gamet mutasi yang terjadi pada sel-sel kelamin (gamet) sehingga dapat diturunkan.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Berdasarkan faktor penyebabnya</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo6; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi spontan yaitu perubahan yang terjadi secara alamiah atau dengan sendirinya. Faktor penyebabnya adalah panas,sinar kosmis ,batuan radioaktif,sinar ultraviolet,matahari ,dan ionisasi internal organisme,serta kesalahan DNA dalam organisme.</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo6; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi buatan adalah mutasi yang disebabkan oleh usaha manusia ,antara lain dengan :</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Pemakaian bahan radioaktif untuk diagnose ,terapi ,deteksi suatu penyakit ,sterilisasi dan pengawetan makanan.</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Penggunaan senjata nuklir</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Penggunaan roket dan televisi</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Pemakaian bahan kimia ,fisika dan biologi</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Zat Kimia</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo8; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Radiasi sinar X,alfa,Beta,Gamma.</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Berdasarkan arah mutasinya, dibedakan </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi maju (forward mutation) yaitu mutasi fenotif normal menjadi abnormal</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi balik (Back mutation) yaitu peristiwa mutasi yang dapat mengembalikan dari fenotif tidak normal menjadi fenotip normal</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Berdasarkan sifat genetiknya,dibedakan </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi dominan terlihat pengaruhnya dalam keadaan heterozigot</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi resesif,pada organisme diploid<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>tidak akan diketahui selama dalam keadaan heterozigot, kecusli resesif pautan seks. Namu pada organisme haploid (monoploid) seperti virus dan bakteri pengaruh mutasi dominan dan resesif dapat dilihat pada fenotif virus dan bakteri tersebut.</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Berdasarkan bagian yang bermutasi dapat dibedakan menjadi dua :</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo20; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi kecil (Point Mutation,Mutasi Gen)</span><span lang="id" style="mso-ansi-language: #0021; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Yaitu mutasi yang terjadi karena perubahan genetik pada susunan molekul DNA-nya</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Macam-macam mutasi gen :</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi tak bermakna (nonsense mutation) terjadi perubahan kodon triplet dari basa asam amino tetapi tidak mengakibatkan kesalahan pembentukan protein.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Misal : UUU diganti UUC</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi ganda tiga (triplet mutation) terjadi karena adanya penambahan sekaligus pengurangan satu tiga pasangan basa secara bersama-sama.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Mutasi bingkai (frameshift mutation) terjadi karena adanya penambahan sekaligus pengurangan satu satu atau beberapa pasangan basa secara bersamaan.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div>

Macam dan Penyebab Mutasi

Mutasi   Istilah mutasi pertama kali digunakan oleh Hugo De Vries untuk mengemukakakn adanya perubahan fenotip yang mendadak t...

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Bebek Untuk Teman Tokilearning

<br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Bebek Untuk Teman</b></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> Tokilearning 1A</div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <br /> Deskripsi Soal<br /> <br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <div class="problem"> <h1 class="title" style="text-align: center;"> Bebek untuk Teman</h1> <div> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" class="data_table" style="margin: 0px auto 15px; width: 150px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td> Batas Waktu</td> <td> 1 detik</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Batas Memori</td> <td> 32 MB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Pak Dengklek memiliki N (1 ≤ N ≤ 1.000) ekor bebek. Dia ingin membagi bebek-bebeknya tersebut sama rata kepada M (1 ≤ M ≤ 1.000) orang temannya. Pak Dengklek juga menyadari bahwa bisa saja terdapat sisa bebek karena jumlah bebek tidak habis dibagi jumlah temannya.<br /> Bantulah dia untuk menentukan berapa ekor bebek yang harus dia berikan kepada masing-masing temannya.<br /> <h3> Format Masukan</h3> Baris pertama berisi dua buah bilangan bulat N dan M.<br /> <h3> Format Keluaran</h3> Baris pertama berisi <code>masing-masing A</code>, di mana A adalah jumlah bebek yang diberikan kepada masing-masing temannya. Baris kedua berisi <code>bersisa B</code>, di mana B adalah sisa bebek Pak Dengklek.<br /> <h3> Contoh Masukan 1</h3> <pre>15 3</pre> <h3> Contoh Keluaran 1</h3> <pre>masing-masing 5 bersisa 0 </pre> <h3> Contoh Masukan 2</h3> <pre>20 3 </pre> <h3> Contoh Keluaran 2</h3> <pre>masing-masing 6 bersisa 2 </pre> <h3> Petunjuk</h3> Dalam Pascal, operasi pembagian ada dua jenis yaitu '/' untuk pembagian bilangan nyata, dan <strong>div</strong> untuk pembagian bilangan bulat. A div B akan menghasilkan A dibagi B dengan menghilangkan komanya. Misalnya, 7 div 2 = 3, -5 div 2 = -2.<br /> Operator <strong>mod</strong> adalah operator sisa pembagian. A mod B akan menghasilkan sisa pembagian A oleh B. Misalnya, 7 mod 2 = 1, 10 mod 5 = 0.<br /> </div> </div> </div> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Jawaban </b></span><br /> var<br />    i,j,k,l:integer;<br />     <br />    begin<br />    read(i,j);<br />    k:= i div j;<br />    l:= i mod j;<br />    writeln ('masing-masing',' ',k);<br />    writeln ('bersisa ',l);<br />     <br />    end.<br /><br />Pastebin Klik Dibawah<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://pastebin.com/pAehVbQk" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://www.userlogos.org/files/logos/inductiveload/Pastebin.png" width="320" /></a></div>

Bebek Untuk Teman Tokilearning

Bebek Untuk Teman Tokilearning 1A Deskripsi Soal Bebek untuk Teman Batas Waktu 1 de...

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Transpose Matrik dengan Bahasa Pascal

<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTFE42Vg_AH0A1ebAYoGXhNnPR6TMq4SvvqSwrejIu29TlZPu8k9g" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTFE42Vg_AH0A1ebAYoGXhNnPR6TMq4SvvqSwrejIu29TlZPu8k9g" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> Halo Sahabat Edushare,<br /> Kali ini saya akan berbagi source code atau tutorial membuat Tanspose Matrik dengan bahasa pemograman pascal. Dalam program kali ini saya menggunakan array dua dimensi karena matrik bentukya terdiri atas baris dan kolom. bagi temen-temen yang belum mengerti silahkan membaca artikel di blog ini tentang array dua dimensi dulu biar paham. Selain diatas saya menggunakan perulangan jenis For do.<br /> Ok,langsung saja silahkan download source codenya<br /> <br /> <div id="selectable"> <div class="pascal"> <ol><div class="de1"> <span class="kw1">var</span></div> <div class="de2"> a<span class="sy1">:</span><span class="kw4">array</span> <span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy1">..</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="sy1">,</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy1">..</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="kw1">of</span> <span class="kw4">integer</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1"> b<span class="sy1">,</span>k<span class="sy1">,</span>i<span class="sy1">,</span>j<span class="sy1">,</span>l<span class="sy1">,</span>m<span class="sy1">:</span><span class="kw4">integer</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2"> <span class="kw1">begin</span></div> <div class="de1"> <span class="kw3">writeln</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'masukkan jumlah baris:'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2"> <span class="kw3">read</span> <span class="br0">(</span>b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1"> <span class="kw3">writeln</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'masukkan jumlah kolom:'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2"> <span class="kw3">read</span><span class="br0">(</span>k<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1"> </div> <div class="de2"> <span class="kw1">for</span> i<span class="sy1">:</span><span class="sy3">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="kw1">to</span> b <span class="kw1">do</span> <span class="kw1">begin</span></div> <div class="de1">  <span class="kw1">for</span> j<span class="sy1">:</span><span class="sy3">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="kw1">to</span> k <span class="kw1">do</span> <span class="kw1">begin</span></div> <div class="de2">         <span class="kw3">read</span> <span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="sy1">,</span>j<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1">          <span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>j<span class="sy3">=</span>k<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">then</span></div> <div class="de2">                 <span class="kw3">writeln</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1">          <span class="kw1">end</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2">         <span class="kw1">end</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1"> </div> <div class="de2"> </div> <div class="de1"> <span class="kw1">for</span> m<span class="sy1">:</span><span class="sy3">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="kw1">to</span> b <span class="kw1">do</span> <span class="kw1">begin</span></div> <div class="de2">  <span class="kw1">for</span> l<span class="sy1">:</span><span class="sy3">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="kw1">to</span> k <span class="kw1">do</span> <span class="kw1">begin</span></div> <div class="de1">         <span class="kw3">write</span> <span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">[</span>l<span class="sy1">,</span>m<span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy1">,</span><span class="st0">' '</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2">         <span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>l<span class="sy3">=</span>k<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">then</span></div> <div class="de1">         <span class="kw3">writeln</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2">         <span class="kw1">end</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1">         <span class="kw1">end</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2"> <span class="kw3">writeln</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'=========Terimakasih telah Menggunakan Aplikasi ini==========='</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1"> <span class="kw3">writeln</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="st0">'--------------------by : Sugeng Wahyudi---------------------'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de2"> <span class="kw3">readln</span><span class="sy1">;</span></div> <div class="de1"> <span class="kw1">end</span><span class="sy1">.</span></div> </ol> </div> </div> <br /> Download source code disini<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLyo3jV-tNv8KEcPmaXfnjNo6rvmOSFTnmEv_f_YiiKRLlPIKMH5m86fBbgd0GgCZ_PcgEBNiiNG7fkEcbTaDWA1mxEnadDeGn0aKCYvinHQ5Fp5le5O_0IAYCtE6OMAo7BSLhHItrSXGF/s1600/download+driver+printer+software+kasir+gratis.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLyo3jV-tNv8KEcPmaXfnjNo6rvmOSFTnmEv_f_YiiKRLlPIKMH5m86fBbgd0GgCZ_PcgEBNiiNG7fkEcbTaDWA1mxEnadDeGn0aKCYvinHQ5Fp5le5O_0IAYCtE6OMAo7BSLhHItrSXGF/s200/download+driver+printer+software+kasir+gratis.jpg" width="200" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://adf.ly/YFfoB" target="_blank">Klik Disini untuk download</a> </span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;">  </span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;">ANALISIS</span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div> b--> variabel buat jumlah baris<br /> k--> variabel jumlah kolom<br /> <br /> For(input)<br /> Karena jumlah baris yang dimasukkan adalah b maka fungsi For menggunakan b sedangkan kolom menggunakan For k sbg kolo,. Ingat For disini adalah For bersarang sehingga sewaktu b=1 maka akan melakukan fungsi  for j:= 1 to k do sebanyak kolomya dan seterusya sampai nilai b sesuai dengan yang di input. Dengan ini saya bermaksud untuk membaca data yang dimasukkan pengguna ke dalam array sehingga bisa dimengerti komputer.<br /> <br /> For (Output)<br /> Setelah proses penginputan data selesai, selanjutnya kita proses sekalian dengan menampilkan di monitor karena ini hanya mengubah urutan maka kita langsung memanipulasi dalam write saja dengan menukar baris menjadi kolom, dan kolom menjadi baris yaitu fungsinya<span style="color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: red;">write (a[l,m],' '); </span>yang merupakan kebalikan dari <span style="background-color: yellow;"> read (a[i,j]); .<span style="background-color: white;">Sehingga secara otomatis kolom dan baris akan tertukar sesuai dengan konsep Tranpose Matrik.</span></span><br /> <br /> <span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: white;">Kalau mau bertanya lebih lanjut silahkan kontak saya</span></span><br /> <span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: white;">email:sugengw07@gmail.com</span></span><br /> <span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: white;">fb     :  https://www.facebook.com/Sugengdream</span></span>

Transpose Matrik dengan Bahasa Pascal

Halo Sahabat Edushare, Kali ini saya akan berbagi source code atau tutorial membuat Tanspose Matrik dengan bahasa pemograman pascal....

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Polinomial / Suku Banyak

<h4 style="text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4328049752749817955" name="_Toc357345971"><span style="font-size: large;">SUKU BANYAK</span></a></h4> <h2> <o:p></o:p></h2> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">sahabat <a href="http://educationshare4.blogspot.com/">educationshare</a>,  </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kali ini saya akan berbagi pada kalian semu mengenai suku banyak atau disebut Suku banyak (polinomial) adalah sebuah ungkapan aljabar yang variabel (peubahnya) berpangkat Bilangan bulat non negative. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk umum :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <br clear="ALL" /> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 297.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">   y = F(x) = a₀xⁿ + a₁x^n-1 + a₂x^n-2 + … + a_n-1x + a_n<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <br clear="ALL" /> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dengan n </span><span lang="RU" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: RU;">Є</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> bilangan bulat<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                        a_n ≠ 0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pengertian-pengertian:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a₀, a₁, a₂ ,…, a_n-1 , a_n<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Disebut koefisien masing-masing bilangan real (walaupun boleh juga bilangan kompleks)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Derajat Suku Banyak adalah pangkat tertinggi dari pangkat-pangkat pada tiap-tiap suku, disebut n.Untuk suku banyak nol dikatakan tidak memiliki derajat.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suku : a₀xⁿ , a₁x^n-1 , a₂x^n-2 , … , a_n-1x , a_n<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Masing-masing merupakan suku dari suku banyak<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suku Tetap (konstanta)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A₀adalah suku tetap atau konstanta, tidak mengandung variabel/peubah. Sedangkan a_nxⁿ adalah suku berderajat tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>NILAI SUKU BANYAK</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jika f(x) = axⁿ + bx^n-1+CX^N-2+…+f  maka nilai suku banyak dapat dicari dengan cara       subtitusi dan skematik.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">OPERASI PADA SUKU BANYAK<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Penjumlahan, pengurangn dan perkalian Suku Banyak<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1. Penjumlahan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">            contohnya: f (x) = 3x⁴ – 2x³ + 5x² – 4x + 3<span style="color: lime;"> </span>, g(x) = 4x³ – 6x² + 7x - 1<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">             Tentukan :   f (x) +  g(x)              <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">             Jawab      :   f (x) +  g(x)  = (3x⁴ – 2x³ + 5x² – 4x + 3) + (4x³ – 6x² + 7x – 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                      = 3x⁴ + (-2 +4)x³ + (5-6)x² + (-4+7)x + (3-1)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                      = 3x⁴ + 2 x³ – 1x² + 3x + 2<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2. Pengurangan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">     contoh: : f (x) = 3x⁴ – 2x³ + 5x² – 4x + 3<span style="color: lime;"> </span>, g(x) = 4x³ – 6x² + 7x - 1<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">             Tentukan :   f (x) -  g(x)              <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">             Jawab      :   f (x) -  g(x)  = (3x⁴ – 2x³ + 5x² – 4x + 3) - (4x³ – 6x² + 7x – 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                      = 3x⁴ + (-2 -4)x³ + (5+6)x² + (-4-7)x + (3+1)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                      = 3x⁴ - 6x³ +11x² - 11x + 4<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3. Perkalian<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">              Contohnya: f (x) = 2x³ + 5x² – 4x + 3<span style="color: lime;"> </span>, g(x) = 6x² + 7x - 1<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">             Tentukan :   f (x) x g(x)              <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">             Jawab      :   f (x) x g(x)  = (2x³ + 5x² – 4x + 3) x (6x² + 7x – 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                     = 2x³ (6x² + 7x – 1) + 5x² (6x² + 7x – 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                        – 4x (6x² + 7x – 1) + 3 (6x² + 7x – 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                     = 12x⁵ + 14x⁴ – 2x³ + 30x⁴ + 35x³ – 5x²<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                        - 24x³ – 28x² + 4x + 18x² +21x - 3<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                                                     = 12x⁵ + 34x⁴ – 26x³– 15x²+ 25x – 3<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>PEMBAGIAN PADA SUKU BANYAK</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pembagian sukubanyak P(x) oleh (x – a) dapat ditulis dengan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <br clear="ALL" /> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                 P(x) = (x – a)H(x) + S<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <br clear="ALL" /> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Keterangan:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">P(x) sukubanyak yang dibagi,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(x – a) adalah pembagi,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">H(x) adalah hasil pembagian,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dan S adalah sisa pembagian<o:p></o:p></span></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>TOREMA SISA</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jika sukubanyak P(x) dibagi (x – a), sisanya P(a) dibagi (x + a) sisanya P(-a)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dibagi (ax – b) sisanya P(b/a)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pembagian Dengan (x –a)(x – b)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk pembagiannya dapat ditulis sebagai<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <br clear="ALL" /> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">             P(x) = (x – a)(x – b)H(x) + S(x)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <br clear="ALL" /> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">berarti: untuk x = a , P(a) = S(a) dan untuk x = b,P(b) = S(b)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Catatan: S(x) berderajat 1, misal px + q<o:p></o:p></span></i></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>TEOREMA FAKTOR</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jika f(x) adalah sukubanyak; (x – <i>k</i>) merupakan faktor dari f(x) jika dan hanya jika<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">f(<i>k</i>) = 0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Artinya: Jika (x – <i>k</i>) merupakan faktor, maka nilai f(<i>k</i>) = 0 sebaliknya,  jika f(<i>k</i>) = 0 maka (x – k) merupakan faktor <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Akar-akar Rasional Persamaan Sukubanyak<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Salah satu penggunaan teorema faktor adalah mencari akar-akar sebuah persamaan sukubanyak, karena ada hubungan antara faktor dengan akar-akar persamaan sukubanyak<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jika P(x) adalah sukubanyak; (x – <i>k</i>) merupakan faktor dari P(x) jika dan hanya jika <i>k</i> akar dari persamaan P(<i>k</i>) = 0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">k</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> disebut <i>akar</i> atau <i>nilai nol </i>dari persamaan sukubanyak: P(x) = 0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Teorema Akar-akar Rasional<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jika P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + …+ a1x + ao dan  (x – <i>k</i>) merupakan faktor dari P(x) maka<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">K merupakan akar dari P(x).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jika akar-akar Persamaan Sukubanyak: ax³ + bx² + cx + d = 0 adalah x₁, x₂, dan x₃ maka<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">   </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">     </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">x</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px;">1</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> + x</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> + x</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px;">3 </sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">=</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">  -b/a</span><br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">     x₁.x₂ + x₁.x₃ + x₂.x₃ =c/a</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 21pt; width: 5.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\SUGENG~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></span><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">     x₁.x₂.x₃ =   -d/a </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px; position: relative; top: 9pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 22.5pt; width: 12pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\SUGENG~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">                   </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">                </span></div>

Polinomial / Suku Banyak

SUKU BANYAK sahabat  educationshare ,   kali ini saya akan berbagi pada kalian semu mengenai suku banyak atau disebut Suku banyak (po...

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Soal Gelombang ,Taraf Intensitas, dan Cahaya (Materi SMA XII IPA)

<br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Soal Gelombang ,Taraf Intensitas, dan Cahaya</b></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebuah gelombang berjalan memenuhi persamaan  di bawah dengan x dan y dalam cm,dan t dalam sekon. Tentukan arah rambat,amplitudo,frekuensi,panjang gelombang dan cepat rambat gelombang.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdrnG6t-cjH7Fp56w2ygoeuqbKl2pulDSVqyt3s14LqiD28eQaBwAJ6WmnjwFkmCTdGJawiOMx_T3a5EpR0iIkbMEiyA1ne-CpTKvzsATuvLQIDTcOGLDpSPJVwlAasyFiOfbmF2TIP0Q/s1600/soal1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdrnG6t-cjH7Fp56w2ygoeuqbKl2pulDSVqyt3s14LqiD28eQaBwAJ6WmnjwFkmCTdGJawiOMx_T3a5EpR0iIkbMEiyA1ne-CpTKvzsATuvLQIDTcOGLDpSPJVwlAasyFiOfbmF2TIP0Q/s320/soal1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Seutas kawat yg panjangnya 100cm direntangkan horisontal. salah satu ujungnya digetarkan harmonik naik-turun dengan frekuensi 1/8 Hz dan amplitudo 16 cm,sedang ujung lainya terikat. Getaran harmonik tersebut merambat ke kanan sepanjang dengan cepat rambat 4,5 cm/s. Tentukan letak simpul dan perut ke-3 dari titik asal getar.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebuah seruling yang memiliki kolom udara terbuka pada kedua ujungnya memiliki nada atas kedua dengan frekuensi 1700Hz . Jika kecepatan suara di udara adalah 340 m/s,tentukanlah panjang seruling.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketika berdiri di depan rumah ,seorang anak mendengar fekuensi 550 Hz dari sirine mobil polisi yang mendekatinya .Setelah mobl polisi melewatinya,frekuensi yang terdengar menjadi 480Hz.Berapakah kelajuan mobil polisi?Kecepatan bunyi di udara 340m/s<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berapakah intensitas dari kebisingan 70 dB yang disebabkan oleh lewatnya sebuah truk?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sinar monokromatis panjang gelombang 5000 A,dilewatkan pada dua buah celah sempit yang berjarak 0,01mm,pada layar tampak jarak garis terang ke-2 terhadap terang pusat 20cm, berapakah jarak celah ke layar ?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika intensitas cahaya sumber 50 watt/m2 ,berapakah besar fluks cahayanya?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dua buah lampu mobil berjarak 1,22m memancarkan cahaya monokromatis koheren 5000A. Jika diameter pupil mata 0,1cm,kedua lampu tampak menjadi hanya satu lampu. Berapakah jarak minimal mobil terhadap mata pengamat?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Suatu cahaya tak terpolarisasi mengenai polaroid pertama dangan intensitas </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Sugeng/AppData/Local/Temp/WindowsLiveWriter1286139640/supfiles99F861/image%5b8%5d.png"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="image" href="file:///C:\Users\Sugeng\AppData\Local\Temp\WindowsLiveWriter1286139640\supfiles99F861\image%5b8%5d.png" style='width:19.5pt;height:25.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Sugeng\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png" o:title="image"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="image" border="0" height="34" src="file:///C:/Users/Sugeng/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="26" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Tentukan Intensitas cahaya yang diteruskan oleh polaroid pertama dan kedua (nyatakan dalam </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Sugeng/AppData/Local/Temp/WindowsLiveWriter1286139640/supfiles99F861/image%5b11%5d.png"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="image" href="file:///C:\Users\Sugeng\AppData\Local\Temp\WindowsLiveWriter1286139640\supfiles99F861\image%5b11%5d.png" style='width:19.5pt;height:25.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Sugeng\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png" o:title="image"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="image" border="0" height="34" src="file:///C:/Users/Sugeng/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="26" /><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ). Jika sudut antara kedua sumbu polarisasi dari kedua sumbu polarisasi dari kedua polaroid adalah 30 derajad.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-left: 79.5pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: IN;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan 3 manfaat gelombang ultrasonik!!<o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div>

Soal Gelombang ,Taraf Intensitas, dan Cahaya (Materi SMA XII IPA)

Soal Gelombang ,Taraf Intensitas, dan Cahaya 1. Sebuah gelombang berjalan memenuhi persamaan  di bawah dengan x dan y dalam cm,dan ...

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Pengukuran/Measurement (Materi SMA X,XI,XII)

<br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Measurement</span></b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1 . Ruler<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://iruler.net/ruler_0_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="104" src="http://iruler.net/ruler_0_10.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> Generally have the smallest scale of 1mm or 0.1 cm<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Calipers<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Vernier_caliper.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="113" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Vernier_caliper.svg" width="320" /></a></div> <br />  .<br /> <br /> Calipers are used to measure the outside diameter of the cylinder , the depth of the tube , and the inside diameter . Accuracy was 0.1 mm or 0.01 cm<br /> How to measure :<br /> Read the scale fixed<br /> Coupled with the search for the straight line between the fixed scale and Nonius scale ( below )<br /> <br /> 3 . Micrometer screw<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://images.tutorvista.com/content/measurement-and-experimentation/micrometer-screw-gauge.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="147" src="http://images.tutorvista.com/content/measurement-and-experimentation/micrometer-screw-gauge.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> Micrometer screw is generally used to measure the diameter of the ball / cylinder and the thickness of a thin plate and datar.Ketelitian reached 0.01 mm or 0.001 cm .<br /> How to use :<br /> Satuanya : mm<br /> Value of each scale 0.5 mm<br /> Nonius scale roll:<br /> unit -  mm<br /> Each scale : 0.01 mm<br /> The final result is the sum of the values ​​on the main scale to scale rotary Nonius<br /> <br /> <br /> Measurement accuracy<br /> Precision measuring instruments is determined by :<br /> Accuracy = 1/2 x smallest scale<br /> <br /> <br /> 1 . Ruler has accuracy = 1/2 mm<br /> 2 . Vernier caliper has ketilitian = ½ x 0.1 mm = 0.05 mm<br /> 3 . Has a precision micrometer screw = ½ x 0.01 mm = 0.005 mm<br /> <br /> Important figures<br /> <br /> 1 . All numbers except the zeros are significant figures<br /> 2 . Number of zeros is trivial if :<br /> • The zero flanked by a nonzero number of significant figures<br /> Example : 304<br /> • The zero on the right number of significant figures merupkan nonzero if given a special mark ( niasanya with an underscore )<br /> example :<br /> 3.50 cm has three significant figures<br /> 2.50 cm memilii two significant figures<br /> 3 . Zeros on the left who are non-zero numbers are significant figures not<br /> example :<br /> • The length of 0.72 cm cube has two significant figures<br /> • The length of 0.0702 cm cube has three significant figures<br /> • The length of 0.7020 cm beam has three significant figures<br /> • The length of 0.7020 cm cube has four significant figures<br /> <br /> <br /> Measurement results reported<br /> Measurement results is not absolute results , but one of the values ​​that may be a number of measurement results . Due to the measurement results are reported as a range of possible values ​​stated the actual length of objects<br /> example<br /> An object is measured with a ruler that has the smallest scale 1mm .<br /> Ketelitien bar 0.5 mm<br /> Results of measurement 4.44 cm , then the length of the actual object that is probably the<br /> Minimum value = ( 4.44 to 0.5 ) mm<br /> Maximum value = ( 4.44 +0.5 ) mm<br /> <br /> Usually measurement results are reported as ( 4.44 ± 0.5 ) . Meaning of this paper that the measurement results may not exceed 0.5 mm . . <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4328049752749817955#Ruler">Ruler</a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4328049752749817955#Calipers">Calipers</a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4328049752749817955#Micrometer Screw">Micrometer Screw</a> <

Pengukuran/Measurement (Materi SMA X,XI,XII)

Measurement 1 . Ruler Generally have the smallest scale of 1mm or 0.1 cm 2. Calipers  . Calipers are used to measure...

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